Item-total Score Correlations Research Articles

Adaptation of Menopausal Spousal Support Questionnaire into Turkish: Validity and reliability study

Aim: This study focused on the pivotal role of spouses in providing comprehensive and enduring support for menopausal women. The primary objectives were to assess the validity and reliability of the Menopause Spousal Support Scale and to adapt it for use in the Turkish context. Methods: The research involved a cohort of 384 women aged 45-60, living with their husbands and not undergoing hormone replacement therapy. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews utilizing an "Introductory Information Form" and the "Menopausal Spousal Support Questionnaire." The scale's validity was assessed through examinations of language, content, and construct, while its internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also evaluated. Results: Exploratory factor analysis unveiled a four-factor structure, accounting for 60.2% of the total variance in the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the compatibility of the scale. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.96. Furthermore, item-total score correlations and test-retest analysis outcomes demonstrated strong, positive, and statistically significant results. Conclusion: The Turkish adaptation of the Menopause Spousal Support Scale has been proven to be a highly valid and reliable instrument for assessing the support received by menopausal women from their spouses.

Turkish adaptation and verification of the incident-reporting attitude scale used for staff in long-term care facilities

Background Determining nurses’ attitudes and behaviors toward error reporting is important in providing safe, high-quality patient care. The current study aimed to test Turkish validity and reliability of the Incident-Reporting Attitude Scale for Staff in Long-Term Care Facilities. Methods This psychometric study was conducted in two stages with 395 nurses and nurse managers in long-term care at a university hospital between May 2021 and January 2022. First, the Turkish adaptation of the scale was performed. The scale's internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and corrected item-total score correlation. Content validity indices were used for content validity, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used for construct validity. Discriminant analysis and internal consistency coefficient were used for reliability analyses. Results The results showed that the Turkish scale adaptation is adequate for language and content equivalence. According to CFA, the scale comprising 31 items and two subscales in the original version showed a significantly good fit in a 26-item and five-factor model. The Cronbach's alpha of the modified scale was 0.92; it was 0.88, 0.94, 0.82, 0.96, and 0.90 for the subscales, respectively. Conclusions The Turkish scale adaptation has consistently shown acceptable psychometric reliability and validity characteristics. It can be used by healthcare services and nursing managers to evaluate nurses’ attitudes toward incident reporting in healthcare facilities providing long-term care.

Turkish Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS)

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to cross-culturally adapt the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS) to Turkish and test its validity and reliability. DesignThis is a methodological study. MethodsThis study was conducted with 121 children aged 1 to 12 years who underwent ambulatory surgery. The data of the study were collected using a Descriptive Information Form, PHBQ-AS, and the Parents’ Postoperative Pain Measure. Data analysis and evaluation were performed using factor analysis, Cronbach's α analysis, item-total score correlation analysis, content validity, construct validity, and concurrent validity. FindingsPHBQ-AS showed a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.801). The item-total correlation values of PHBQ-AS were found to be 0.458 to 0.753. PHBQ-AS was determined to be a single-factor scale explaining 66% of the variance in the examined variable. PHBQ-AS and Parents’ Postoperative Pain Measure scores were moderately correlated. ConclusionsThe Turkish version of PHBQ-AS was highly valid and reliable for the Turkish population. A recommendation for health care professionals in Turkey is to use the PHBQ-AS scale to evaluate posthospitalization behavioral changes in children who are admitted for ambulatory surgery.

The Validity and Reliability of the Postpartum Symptom Inventory in Turkish Women

Objective: Postpartum period is a significant period that covers approximately 6 weeks after childbirth, progresses with various symptoms, and affects the life of the woman. The study was conducted in order to test the validity and reliability of the Postpartum Symptom Inventory (PSI-20). 
 Methods: The study was conducted on 310 participants with a descriptive, cross-sectional, and methodological design. The study data were collected through Identifying Information Form, Postpartum Symptom Inventory, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as a parallel form. In the analysis of the data, factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and item-total score correlations were used. 
 Results: The scale consisted of 20 items under 6 subscales with a variance of 71%. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the Turkish version of the scale was 0.86. According to split-half test reliability, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the first and second halves were found to be 0.71 and 0.73, respectively, Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.94, and the correlation coefficient between the halves was determined as 0.88. According to confirmatory factor analysis, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation Index (RMSEA) 0.072, Goodness of Fit index (GFI) value was 0.89, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) value was 0.94, Relative Fit Index (RFI) was 0.89, Incremental Fit Index (IFI) was 0.94, and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) value was found as 0.93. 
 Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was determined that the Turkish version of the Postpartum Symptom Inventory (PSI-20) was a valid and reliable tool in order to measure postpartum symptoms in Turkish women.

Turkish validity and reliability of the Premenstrual Change Coping Inventory.

This study was conducted to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Premenstrual Change Coping Inventory (PMS-Cope). A total of 170 women who met the inclusion criteria were included in the methodological study. Data were collected between the dates of November 5, 2018 and May 5, 2019 with personal information form, PMS-Cope Turkish version, and Premenstrual Syndrome Scale. The PMS-Cope was obtained through the translation-back translation method and the content validity was obtained according to expert opinions. After the factor analysis, the Turkish version of the PMS-Cope consisted of three sub-dimensions as in the original scale. The factor loadings of the three-dimensional scale ranged from 0.46 to 0.84, and the explained variance (60.329%) was at the desired level. As a result of structural equation modeling; ×2/SD values of the scale were found to be 4.19, GFI 0.93, AGFI 0.91, CFI 0.95, RMSEA 0.079, and SRMR 0.082, and this scale was acceptable. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the PMS-Cope was 0.86. It was determined that item-total score correlations were higher than 0.30 in all items of PMS-Cope and there was no need to remove items from the scale. When the mean scores of the lower 27% and upper 27% of the scale were compared, a statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p < 0.05). The PMS-Cope score was 41.04 ± 8.99. It was determined that the Turkish version of the PMS-Cope was a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Physical Examination Attitudes and Practices Scale: Psychometric Evaluation on Turkish Nurses

Background and Purpose:Physical examination (PE) is an important element used in the diagnostic process. This cross-sectional and methodological study was conducted methodologically to test cross-cultural and linguistic adaptation of the Turkish version of the Physical Examination Attitudes and Practices Scale (PEAPS) and to test the reliability and validity of Turkish nurses.Methods:The study was carried out with a methodological, cross-sectional design, with 372 nurses working in different departments at a state hospital.Results:The content validity index was found to be .87. Item-total score correlation coefficients were above .30; Cronbach’s alpha was found to be .89.Conclusions:The instrument is an acceptable, valid, and reliable tool in Turkish for evaluating the attitudes and practices toward PE. Attitudes toward PE can be examined by health professionals working in different fields and cultures.

Scale Development Study on the Perception of Responsibility for Providing Professional Value for Prospective Teachers

In this study, it was aimed to develop a measurement tool with validity and reliability to determine the perceptions of academicians working in faculties of education about their responsibility to provide pre-service teachers with professional values. In order to create the necessary item pool for the scale, the literature was reviewed and in this context, a question pool of 44 items was created and expert opinions were taken. After the revisions in the items, Lawshe Technique was used to determine the content validity. 300 faculty members were administered the scale and a data set was obtained, which was analyzed for validity and reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to reveal the construct validity of the scale, Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient, item-total score correlation and two-half test reliability methods were used to ensure the reliability of the scale, and lower 27%-upper 27% independent groups t-test was used for the discrimination of the scale. As a result of EFA, a 26-item, 3-factor structure emerged. This structure explains 59.647% of the total variance of the scale. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient for the reliability of the scale was found to be 0.952. It was observed that the item total correlation values were high and positive above 0.5 and the correlation values of all items were above 0.30, which is recommended as the lower limit. According to the results of the two-half test reliability analysis, the correlation coefficient between the equivalent halves was found to be 0.942. As a result of the t-test between the scores of the upper 27% and lower 27% groups in order to examine the discrimination of the scale items, it was found that the difference between the groups was significant at α=.000 level.

Validity and Reliability of the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale.

Tools to measure layout people's knowledge about palliative care are very limited. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS) in Turkish on layout people other than healthcare professionals. Perception of Health Scale (PHS) and European Health Literacy Survey (EHLS) scales were used to ensure concurrent validity of PaCKS. Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was found to be .846. In item analysis, item-total score correlations were found to be between .343 and .691. Intraclass correlation coefficient of PaCKS total score was found to be .862, p < .001 in test-retest results. In the concurrent validity analysis, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the PaCKS and the PHS (r = .504, p = .000) and PaCKS and the EHLS (r = .251, p = .017). PaCKS is a simple, applicable and short test that can be easily understood by layout people without any health education.

[Development of aGerman short version of the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire].

The Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ) is aquestionnaire for assessing hearing-specific quality of life in the context of cochlear implantation. Its length (60items) makes it difficult to use in clinical practice, so ashort version is desirable. The question arises as to which items should be selected for the short version. The items were selected statistically using uncorrected item-total score correlation. Item selection was made based on datasets from three measurement points: before implantation and 3and 12months after processor activation. The items were selected according to the criterion that they were among the 40items with the highest item-total score correlation at each of the three measurement points. Of the 60items in the NCIQ, 25met the criterion and were hence included in the short version. The short version yields similar scores as the long version at the postoperative timepoints; however, at the preoperative timepoint, the agreement of the scores is suboptimal. Split-half reliability and internal homogeneity of the short version are very good. The present study constitutes an initial positive evaluation of ashort form of the NCIQ in terms of standard psychometric criteria. Application of the short form is associated with significantly reduced resources in terms of processing and evaluating.

Development of stigma scale for women with mental illness in perinatal period, validity and reliability study

AimAlthough there are many scales that measure stigma, there is no scale with the necessary adequacy to measure stigma in the perinatal period. The study aims to develop the stigma scale for women with mental illness in the perinatal period and test its validity and reliability.Materials and methodsParticipants were reached via patients, visitors, and hospital staff who applied to Sakarya Training and Research Hospital between 01/06/2022 and 01/12/2022. Two hundred people (female n = 134, male n = 66) aged 18–65 participated in the study and "Sociodemographic data form," "Perinatal Mental Illness Stigma Scale (PMISS)," "Social Distance Scale," and "Beliefs Towards Mental Illness Scale" were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and the AMOS 26 program.ResultsThe Content Validity Index of the scale items was between 0.80–1. Cronbach's alpha coefficient score of the general scale was 0.94, the "Discrimination and Prejudice" sub-dimension was 0.93, and the "Labeling" sub-dimension was 0.88. It was determined that item-total score correlations varied between 0.410 and 0.799. P value calculated < 0.05 in Barlett's test and 0.94 in the Kaiser-Meyer Olkin test. These values show that factor analysis can be applied to the scale. According to the Exploratory Factor Analysis result, the scale has a 2-factor structure, explaining 60% of the total variance. The Guttman Split-Half coefficient of the scale was 0.882, and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.883. The scale was reapplied to 30 participants with an interval of three weeks. The correlation coefficient between the two measurements was 0.91, indicating that the scale satisfies the invariance principle over time.ConclusionThe PMISS is a reliable measurement tool that can be used to investigate stigma towards mental illness during the perinatal period in the Turkish population.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Korean Version of the Body Image After Mastectomy Scale

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and validity of the Korean version of the Body Image After Mastectomy Scale (K-BIMS). MethodsThis validation study was divided into two phases. Phase 1 included the translation of the K-BIMS according to the World Health Organization recommendations, investigation of content validity by five experts, and a pilot study involving 10 participants for the final list of K-BIMS items. The study participants included 156 women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria to verify the validity–reliability of the K-BIMS. Phase 2 included a validity–reliability analysis of the K-BIMS. This included convergent validity, known-group validity, construct validity assessed by confirmatory factor analysis, and item-total score correlation. We assessed internal consistency using the Cronbach α. ResultsThe K-BIMS confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good fitness of indices and validity including content validity, convergent validity, and known-group validity was satisfactory. Internal consistency reliability was satisfying with a Cronbach α reliability of .89. ConclusionsThe results revealed that the K-BIMS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing appearance-based behaviors and beliefs about body image distress among women who underwent reconstructive surgery after mastectomy. Implications for Nursing PracticeTo identify individuals who exhibit maladaptive symptoms and are at risk of developing long-term body image problems, the K-BIMS can be used as a point-of-care screening tool. Therefore, the K-BIMS can be used as an early screening tool to proactively offer accessible and affordable solutions.

Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the Online Education Student Satisfaction Scale: A Methodological Study.

Background and Purpose: Assessing student satisfaction is essential in evaluating the quality of education. The number of valid and reliable tools that measure students' satisfaction with online education is limited. This methodological study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the online education student satisfaction scale. Methods: Eleven academicians from the nursing field provided expert opinions on content validity. Separate 25 students evaluated the language clarity of the draft scale. The study sample included 525 third- and fourth-year nursing students. Finally, a group of 30 nursing students different from the sample participated in the test-retest. The study created an item pool based on the recent literature. The researchers calculated the items' content validity rates and the scale's content validity index by taking the experts' opinions. In addition, item-total score correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, discrimination analysis, stability test, and internal consistency analysis were performed. Results: An item with a low-correlation value was excluded from the scale. The correlation coefficients of the remained items were between .536 and .811. In the second round of exploratory factor analysis, a five-factor structure emerged that explained 72.1% of the total variance. In addition, item discrimination, stability, and internal consistency test results ensured that the scale was valid and reliable. Conclusions: The online education student satisfaction scale with five subdimensions containing 28 items is a valid and reliable tool. Researchers, educators, and managers may use it to evaluate students' satisfaction with online education.

Psychometric Properties of the Turkish CardioToxicity Management Self-Efficacy Scale for Nurses

ObjectivesThis study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the CardioToxicity Management Self-Efficacy Scale (NSS-CTC) in Turkey. MethodThis methodological and descriptive study was undertaken with 204 oncology nurses. Information was gathered using a descriptive questionnaire and the NSS-CTC instrument. In the validity analysis of the scale, explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used. In the reliability analysis, Cronbach α coefficient and Pearson correlation analysis were used to examine item-total score correlations, and Student t-test was used for test-retest analysis. ResultsThe scale, characterized by a two-dimensional structure confirmed through factor analysis, exhibited an explained variance rate of 60.44%. The factor loadings exceeded the threshold of 0.30, and all fitness indices surpassed the criterion of 0.90. Furthermore, the root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) fell below 0.080 and demonstrated statistical significance. The scale demonstrated strong internal consistency, as indicated by the overall Cronbach α coefficient of 0.930, with its subdimensions exhibiting similarly high reliability, reflected in Cronbach α values of 0.871 and 0.912, respectively. ConclusionThe NSS-CTS is a valid and reliable tool specifically developed for evaluating nurses' self-efficacy in the context of oncology wards, particularly in managing cardiotoxicity resulting from cancer treatments. Implications for Nursing PracticeThis newly developed scale holds significant promise in gauging nurses' confidence levels when confronted with the intricacies of cardiotoxicity management. It responds to the growing imperative for nurses to continually enhance their knowledge and skills to effectively address the evolving challenges associated with cardiotoxicity in cancer care.

Psychometric Testing of the Newborn Skin Assessment Attitude Scale in Neonatal ICU Nurses.

To develop a Newborn Skin Assessment Attitude Scale (NSAAS) for neonatal ICU (NICU) RNs. The study was conducted with 326 nurses working in NICUs in three cities in Turkey. The researchers evaluated the content and construct validity and reliability of the scale with item-total score correlation analysis, the test-retest method, and calculating the Cronbach α reliability coefficient. The content validity index of the scale ranged between 0.87 and 1.00. Prior to exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient of the NSAAS was 0.976, and the Bartlett test of sphericity result was χ2 = 15,337.052 (P < .001). The scale was constructed with 35 items with factor loads greater than 0.40 and three subdimensions. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fit indices of the NSAAS were χ2/df = 3.57, root mean square error of approximation = 0.08, normed fit index = 0.98, non-normed fit index = 0.98, comparative fit index = 0.98, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.05. The overall reliability coefficient of the NSAAS was α = .978. The test-retest coefficients of correlation were r = 0.558 for the overall scale and r = 0.615, r = 0.504, and r = 0.598 for the Awareness, Practice, and Avoidance subdimensions, respectively. In addition, no statistically significant difference was observed when comparing the test-retest mean scores for the total scale and the subdimensions (P > .05). The NSAAS can be reliably used for measuring NICU nurses' attitudes toward newborn skin assessment.

Turkish Adaptation of the ADORE: A Study of Validity and Reliability.

It is obvious that current tools in literature that are used to measure female's sexual quality of life focus only on the objective dimension of sexual function, failing to examine quality of life on a multidimensional level. The aim of this research is to examine the validity and reliability of the ADORE for Turkish society. In the methodological research, 500 females were included. The research data was collected with "Descriptive Information Form" "ADORE" and "Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F)." ADORE is a five-Likert-type type and 36-item scale that was developed to assess female's sexual quality of life. It has six sub-dimensions. It is stated that ADORE can better evaluate female's sexual quality of life holistically and contextually. The validity of ADORE was analyzed as linguistic, content, and construct validities. In determining the reliability of the scale, item-total score correlation, Cronbach alpha (Cr α) coefficient, Pearson correlation, split-half analysis, test-retest, and parallel form were used. Content validity index was found to be 0.90. The confirmatory factor analysis was performed for construct validity. ADORE's Cr α reliability coefficient was determined to be .95. According to ADORE test-retest analyses, it was found that there is a positively strong and statistically high significant correlation among scores of the scale. It was determined that there is an acceptable correlation between ADORE and SQOL-F. In determining female's sexual quality of life in Turkish society, ADORE is a valid and reliable scale. It is a useful scale for health professionals working in the clinic to evaluate female's sexual quality of life.

Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the parental competence scale for parents of children with autism

BackgroundParental competence is an important concept in increasing the quality of care provided to individuals with special needs and the quality of life of parents. This study was aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Parental Competence Scale designed for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. MethodThis methodological study was conducted with 433 parents of children with autism between November 2021 and February 2023. Information Form, the Parental Competence Scale for Parents of Children with Autism, and the Parental Self-Efficacy Scale were used to collect the data. The data were assessed using content and construct validity, item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency. Guidelines for reporting reliability and agreement studies (GRRAS) were adhered to in the study. FindingsThe content validity index of the scale was 0.93. Item-total score correlation values ranged from 0.338 to 0.846. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the two-factor structure of the scale consisting of 19 items was confirmed. Factor loads were >0.30 and fit indices were >0.80. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Turkish version of the scale was 0.85, and the Cronbach's alpha values of its sub-dimensions were 0.71 and 0.79. ConclusionThe parental competence scale for parents of children with autism is a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkey. Practice implicationsPediatric nurses, all health professionals, special education professionals and teachers can use this scale in interventional studies aiming to evaluate or improve the competencies of parents with autistic children in the future.

Structural Validation and Measurement Invariance Testing of the Chinese Version of the eHealth Literacy Scale Among Undergraduates: Cross-Sectional Study.

The eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) was introduced in China in 2013 as one of the most important electronic health literacy measurement instruments. After a decade of development in China, it has received widespread attention, although its theoretical underpinnings have been challenged, thus demanding more robust research evidence of factorial validity and multigroup measurement properties. This study aimed to evaluate the Chinese version of the eHEALS in terms of its measurement properties. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a university setting in China. Item statistics were checked for response distributions and floor and ceiling effects. Internal consistency reliability was confirmed with Cronbach α, split-half reliability, Cronbach α if an item was deleted, and item-total correlation. A total of 5 representative eHEALS factor structures were examined and contrasted using confirmatory factor analysis. The study used the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and the average of the I-CVI scores of all items on the scale to assess the content validity of the dominance model. Furthermore, the validated dominance model was subsequently used to evaluate the relevance and representation of elements in the instrument and to assess measurement invariance across genders. A total of 972 respondents were identified, with a Cronbach α of .92, split-half reliability of 0.88, and item-total score correlation coefficients ranging from 0.715 to 0.781. Cronbach α if an item was deleted showed that all items should be retained. Acceptable content validity was supported by I-CVIs ≥0.80. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the 3-factor model was acceptable. The measurement model met all relevant fit indices: average variance extracted from 0.663 to 0.680, composite reliability from 0.810 to 0.857, chi-square divided by the df of 4.768, root mean square error of approximation of 0.062, standardized root mean squared residual of 0.020, comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.987, and Tucker-Lewis index of 0.979. In addition, the scale demonstrated error variance invariance (Δnormed fit index=-0.016, Δincremental fit index=-0.012, ΔTucker-Lewis index=0.005, Δcomparative fit index=-0.012, Δrelative fit index=0.005, and Δroot mean square error of approximation=0.005). A 3-factor model of the Chinese version of the eHEALS fits best, and our findings provide evidence for the strict measurement invariance of the instrument regarding gender.

Palliative care and spiritual care competency measurement among Turkish Nurses: A scale adaptation study.

This study aimed to conduct a Turkish validity and reliability study of the Palliative Care Spiritual Care Competency Scale. The sample of the study consisted of 354 nurses. In the first stage, the forward-backward translation method was used to develop the Turkish version of the Palliative Care Spiritual Care Competency Scale. The comprehensibility, purposefulness, cultural appropriateness, and discrimination of the scale items were evaluated with content validity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to examine the construct validity of the scale. To evaluate the ability of the scale to give consistent results at different time intervals, the relationship between the scores obtained from the first and second applications was examined with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The reliability of the scale was evaluated with the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient and item-total score correlation coefficients. The content validity index of the Palliative Care Spiritual Care Competency Scale was found to be 0.98 after expert opinion was obtained. The goodness-of-fit values of the scale were χ2/sd: 3.125; GFI: 0.915; AGFI: 0.875; IFI: 0.926; TLI: 0.905; CFI: 0.925; RMSEA: 0.078; SRMR: 0.054. As a result of CFA, some items were removed from the scale, and a Turkish version of the scale consisting of 14 items and three sub-dimensions was developed. The reliability of the scale over time was evaluated with the test-retest method, and it was found that the inter-response agreement was very good (ICC: 0.981; p<0.001). The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.89 and the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the subscales ranged between 0.78 and 0.85. It was determined that the Turkish version of the Palliative Care Spiritual Care Competency Scale is a short, easy-to-understand, and psychometrically sound measurement tool that can be safely applied to Turkish nurses.

Reliability and Validity of The Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale in People with Multiple Sclerosis.

This study was conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (FAB) in people with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). A total of 65 people with multiple sclerosis, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ranging from 1 to 5.5, were included in the study. Test-retest reliability, intra-rater, inter-rater reliability, and internal consistency (item-total score correlation, Cronbach's alpha coefficient) were investigated to examine the reliability of FAB. In the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability analysis, the FAB application of 34 patients, whose initial evaluation was gathered, was video-recorded and re-watched by two physiotherapists at different times and scored. For the Validity of FAB, concurrent validity with criterion validity; construct validity with hypothesis testing were calculated. Convergent validity was assessed for correlations with EDDS, Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). Test-retest reliability of FAB Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) values was excellent (ICC= 0.994, p<0.001). While the intra-rater reliability (ICC=0.986, p<0.001) and inter-rater reliability (ICC=0.985, p<0.001) of the FAB were calculated at an excellent level. Cronbach's alpha value was determined to perfect correlation. (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.929). FAB had an excellent correlation with BBS (0.919 (p<0.001). For convergent validity of FAB, EDSS (r=-0.885, p<0.001), TUG (r=-0.833, p<0.001), and DGI (r=0.916, p<0.001), it was determined that the scale had convergent validity. The FAB proved to be a reliable and valid in PwMS. The study showed that the FAB could be applied regardless of the physiotherapists' clinical experiences. It has been determined that the scale can be used in PwMS with a wide EDSS score. Considering the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability results, it is thought that the FAB is also suitable for use in the online environment.

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of Diabetic Foot Self-Care Questionnaire of the University of Malaga (DFSQUMA).

This study was conducted in a methodological design with the aim of adapting the "Diabetic Foot Self-Care Questionnaire of the University of Malaga, Spain (DFSQ)" to Turkish, and examining its validity and reliability. The study population of the methodological research consisted of a total of 161 patients diagnosed with diabetes who presented to the Diabetes Clinic Unit. The translation-back translation technique was employed for the linguistic equivalence of the questionnaire. To test the validity of the scale, linguistic and content validity were examined, and exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, item-total score correlations test, and test-retest technique were used to assess the reliability of the scale. The scope validity index values of the Turkish version of DFSQ ranged between 0.85 and 1.00, and there was no difference in scores given by the consulted experts (Kendall's W  =  0.720; p  =  .707). Exploratory factor analysis conducted to examine the factor structure of the scale revealed that the scale consisted of 16 items and three subscales, explaining a total variance of 84.09%. The factor loadings of the scale ranged from 0.90 to 0.97. The calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the Turkish version of the scale was 0.66.: It was found that the Turkish version of DFSQ is valid and reliable for the Turkish population. The research identified that DFSQ is a valid and reliable tool for determining diabetic patients' knowledge and attitudes toward foot self-care in cross-cultural studies.